Symptoms of prostate cancer are not shown by everyone. In most of the cases, the symptoms
are usually identified during the regular health check up. However, patients. complaint about
the following symptoms, which includes:
Frequent urge for urination
1 Nocturia, frequent urination during night
2 Experiencing pain, and burning sensation during urination
3 Experiencing difficult in starting of urine
4 Difficultly in maintaining study stream of urine
5 Experiencing problems in sexual intercourse
6 Erectile dysfunction
7 Hematuria Blood in urine
8 Blood in semen
9 Experiencing regular pain and stiffness in lower back, upper thighs, or hips
When it is the case of advanced prostate cancer, where the cancer has spread to other parts
then symptoms such as pain in bones, particularly in bones located in pelvis, spine, and in
ribs are shown.

Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
The only diagnostic test available for prostate cancer is prostate biopsy. In general,
prostate biopsy is advised only when the PSA levels in the blood are high. Biopsy is generally
done on out-patient basis. Local anesthesia is given and a small piece of prostate is removed
by inserting a biopsy gun.
A microscopic examination is done on this piece with respect to the Gleason score to confirm
cancer. Apart from this, prostate imaging techniques Ultrasound, and MRI is also used for
detection.
Prostate Cancer Treatment
Generally, progression of prostate cancer is very slow. Thus, no treatment method is necessary
in most of the cases. It is best for the initial stage prostate cancer patients to go active
surveillance. This involves having regular blood test, or biopsies to monitor the progression
of cancer. This helps in avoiding the side effects of the treatments such as erectile
dysfunction, and involuntary urine leakage.
However, there are even cases of advanced prostate cancer. For these cases, treatment for
prostate cancer is decided depending upon the Gleason score, and PSA levels. The available
treatment methods for advanced prostate cancer include prostatectomy surgery, radiotherapies,
chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy.
Prostate Cancer Surgery
Prostatectomy is the surgical method of treatment for prostate cancer. In this method,
prostate gland, and surrounding tissues are removed by making a surgical incision. Types of
prostatectomy surgeries done include
1 Radical retropubic prostatectomy, in which incision is made in abdomen for removing
prostate gland
2 Radical perineal prostatectomy, in which incision is made in perineum for removing prostate
gland
3 Nerve-sparing prostatectomy, in which the very edges of the prostate gland are cut. While
doing this surgery at most care is taken to spare the erectile nerve that run all over the
gland.
Radiotherapy:
Radiotherapy involves in killing of cancer cells in prostate gland and its surrounding tissues
with the help of radiation. Various radiotherapies include
1 External Beam Radiotherapy: This is the most common radiotherapy used in prostate cancer
treatment. In this X-Rays are targeted on the areas containing cancer cells.
2 Proton Therapy: In this treatment method, proton beam is used for killing the cancer cells.
Advantage of using proton beam over the external beam radiotherapy is that in this method just
the prostate cancer cells are targeted and killing, but not the surrounding tissues.
3 Prostate brachytherapy: In this method, with the help of small needles tiny radioactive
iodine, or palladium palates are inserted directly in the prostate glands. These palates are
placed exactly where the cancer cells are existing. These palates will be emitting radiation,
which gradually kills the cancer cells in few months.
Chemotherapy:
This method involves in using of various chemotherapy drugs for controlling, or killing of
prostate cancer cells.
Hormonal Therapy:
Another name for this therapy is androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). In this method,
testosterone, which is the fuel for prostate gland cells, is stopped from being released, or
prevented from being acting on prostate cells. This helps in stopping the progression of
prostate cancer.
Apart from these methods, a person can also go for primary hormone therapy, or cryotherapy, or
High-intensity focused ultrasound for treating prostate cancer.
Disease care
1 to maintain appropriate body weight to maintain a body mass index (BMI)
less than 30, body mass index = weight (kg) / height 2 (m2).
2 adhere to the physical exercise, physical activity should be appropriate.
3 plant-based diet.
4 no smoking, no alcohol.
5 to restrict fat intake, fat intake does not exceed 20% of the total
caloric intake.
6 do not eat junk food, try to avoid saturated fat in the diet.
7 eat more fish, because fish are rich in certain beneficial fatty acids.
8 daily consumption of fruits and vegetables 7-9 meals, and limit the
intake of sugar and salt, can prevent cancer, but also to maintain a healthy
heart.
9 consumption of foods rich in fiber, at least 30 grams a day.
10 1 or 2 times the daily consumption of soy products can be low-fat soy
milk, tofu, beans, protein powder.
11 taking adequate doses of calcium and vitamin D to prevent
osteoporosis.
Physical activity for weight control, preserve muscle, keeping bones strong
and reduce the incidence of heart disease has a very important role. Persist
in physical activity also helps to maintain good body balance, promote sleep,
reduce anxiety. Physical exercise, you can also subtract the excess fat.
Strength training (such as cycling, weight-bearing exercises, etc.) can help
patients to increase muscle mass, help to improve the capacity of the energy
consumed in the resting state; but also to promote healthy bones, improve
balance, help to reduce falls and fractures incidence . The aerobic training
consisted of brisk walking, dancing, hiking, swimming and jogging, etc., to
consume energy when in motion, within a few hours after the end of the
exercise, continue to burn fat, energy consumption. In addition, the healthy
body so that patients have a better immune system, which is an important
capital to fight prostate cancer. Mild regular physical activity is the main
dance, moved quickly to work, cleaning the house, etc., moderate-intensity
physical exercise, including playing 30 minutes of badminton, playing 15 to
20 minutes of basketball, swimming, 20 minutes, 30 minutes of rowing or 15
minutes within a run of two kilometers. Each person's maximal exercise, and
no more than moderate-intensity exercise. Most experts recommend exercising
at least 3 to 4 times a week, each 30 minutes of exercise, exercise intensity
is 60% to 70% of personal maximum physical strength. No matter you choose
what kind of exercise, must persevere in order to obtain long-term gains.